ii) Ketogenic and Glucogenic amino acidsĭuring metabolism, part of the carbon skeleton of these amino acids will enter the ketogenic pathway and the other part of the glucogenic pathway.Įg: Lys, Ile, Phe, Tyr & Trp are partially ketogenic and partially glucogenic. Leucine is purely ketogenic because it is converted into ketone bodies. In this Amino acids classification, it can be classified based on the basis of metabolic fate: d) Classification based on the Metabolic Fates But they are not essential for the adult individual. Histidine and Arginine are semi-essential amino acids. The body can synthesize about 10 amino acids to meet the biological needs, hence they need not be consumed in the diet.Įg: Gly, Ala, Ser, Cys, Asp, Asn, Glu, Gln, Tyr, and Pro. I=Isoleucine L=Leucine P=Phenylalanine H=Histidine L=Lysine 2. M= Methionine A=Arginine T=Threonine T=Tryptophan V=Valine They are required for the proper growth and maintenance of the individual. Some amino acids don’t synthesize in the human body. IsoleucineDiscovered by Paul Erhlish (LT 1854 to 1915) Isolated from cheese, but later it was obtained in purer form fro hydrolysates of wool. LeucineIsolated from Cheese by Proust in 1819.
Plant source are Glycine Max (Soya been)ĪlanineIsolated from Silk Fibroin in 1888.Īlanine is present in Silk fibroin alon with Glycine Eg: Name of the Amino acidĪnimal source are Scleroproteins, Gelatin and silk fibroin. These have no functional group in the side chain. Eg: GABA (Gamma Amino Butyric Acid) 2) Classification based on the composition of “-R’ side chainīased on the composition of ‘R’ side chain, amino acids can be categorized into 8 types: (Fairley & Kigour, 1966) i) Neutral Amino Acids (or) Simple amino acids Iii) γ-amino acid: the amino group attached to the Fourth carbon (numbering from Carboxyl group) of the amino acid is called “γ-amino acid”. Eg: β-alanine, it is one of the end product of Pyrimidine catabolism. Ii) β-amino acid: the amino group attached to the third carbon (numbering from Carboxyl group) of the amino acid is called “β-amino acid”. I) α-amino acid: The amino group attached to the next carbon of the carboxyl group is called “α-amino acid” All naturally occurring amino acids are in “α-L-amino acids”.
They can classify amino acids into THREE types: Classification based on the Metabolic Fateġ) Classification based on the position of “-NH 2”.Classification based on the Nutritional requirement.Classification based on the composition of “-R’ side chain.Classification based on the position of “-NH 2”.It can classify amino acids into 4 types: ii) Ketogenic and Glucogenic amino acids.d) Classification based on the Metabolic Fates.3) Classification based on the Nutritional requirement.b) Hydroxyl Group containing amino acids.Glycine, the major amino acid found in gelatin, was named for its sweet taste (Greek glykys, meaning sweet). It was obtained from protein found in asparagus juice (hence the name). i) Neutral Amino Acids (or) Simple amino acids The first amino acid to be isolated was asparagine in 1806.2) Classification based on the composition of “-R’ side chain.1) Classification based on the position of “-NH2”.